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Difficulty: Medium

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Generally, an object will heat up when twisted.
The twisting of an object is known as torsion.
A 2019 study led by Zunfeng Liu and Ray Baughman tested the torsional heating of various fibers.
When a 3-millimeter-thick sample of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by 6°C.
When a 4-millimeter-thick sample of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) rubber fiber was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by 3.5°C.

The student wants to contrast the two samples. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

When the fibers were twisted as part of the 2019 study, the surface temperature of both samples increased.

In 2019, researchers studied the effect of torsional heating on various fibers, including samples of SEBS rubber and TPU.

Twisting an object will generally cause its temperature to increase, a process known as torsional heating.

The SEBS rubber sample used in the 2019 study was thicker than the TPU sample.

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Explanation

Choice D is the best answer. The sentence contrasts the two samples, noting that the SEBS rubber sample, at 4 millimeters thick, was thicker than the TPU sample, which was 3 millimeters thick.

Choice A is incorrect because the sentence mentions a similarity between the TPU fiber and the SEBS rubber; it doesn’t contrast the two samples. Choice B is incorrect because the sentence indicates that both the SEBS rubber and TPU samples were part of the 2019 study; it doesn’t contrast the two samples. Choice C is incorrect because the sentence describes the process of torsional heating; it doesn’t contrast the two samples.